Great structures of the ancient world, machines and devices discovered by the archaeologists or described in sacred books or in the epic poetry are the object of the present volume. They all have one thing in common: They seem to involve fairly advanced technology in the modern sense of the world, which is not known to have existed at the time of their creation. In fact, the question arises, whether such advanced knowledge did indeed exist, a problem of strongly interdisciplinary character. The relevant investigations prove that exact scientists and engineers need to work together with archaeologists, a fairly obvious conclusion resulting from the works contained in this book.